Phenols are a Superfamily of chemicals and Polyphenols do indeed exist under that umbrella but it is apples and orangutans.
Conversely, there is a very strange relationship with the existence of the Benzene STRUCTURE that is present as 6 carbon atom constructs inside of DNA but they are NOT benzene. This is why Benzene is so highly toxic and genetically damaging because it can slip into where it doesn't belong thus throwing a molecular spanner in the works.
I cover the intricate names/relationships of misunderstood biochemicals in my book Prion Agenda including the most misused non-understood word of: Fiber.
Thanks Pat. I am aware of Phenols vs. Polyphenols. But I just used the nomenclature used by Dr. Bouchard. But Bouchard's concept of Sepsis was self poisoning but did consider bacteria could morph into a poison as I understand it which would comport with your understanding of bacteria as a virus. To me poison acts fast, toxins' mechanism of action is much slower. Trying to translate a 130 year old nomenclature and disease paradigm into modern chemistry is like a square peg in round hole. But it beats the drug industry cartoons about virus.
What is the difference between phenol and benzene?
Benzene is a volatile liquid under normal conditions, with a normal boiling point of 80.1 ∘C . Phenol is a low melting solid, with a normal boiling point of 181.7 ∘C .
Phenols were once known as Carbolic acid. Drugs containing phenol are Chloraseptic, Cepastat, Blistex, Campho-Phenique
Phenols found in food are secondary metabolites of vegetables and are mainly used as antiseptics. Coffee has the highest concentration of phenol. Apples and pomegranates have high phenol.
The term Benzene is typically used for liquid phenol at very high concentrations. At high concentrations, phenol can break through cellular membranes leading to cell death.
Sepsis, a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, involves multiple organ dysfunction syndromes driven by free radical-mediated processes. Uncontrolled inflammation in early sepsis stages can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). Activated leukocytes generate reactive oxygen species, contributing to sepsis development. Gallic acid, a phenolic compound, is known for its antimicrobial properties. This study aims to observe gallic acid’s protective and restorative effect on the lungs in an experimental sepsis model. Male Wistar albino rats were subjected to a feces intraperitoneal injection procedure (FIP) to induce sepsis. Four groups were formed: normal control, FIP alone, FIP with saline, and FIP with gallic acid. Gallic acid was administered intraperitoneally at 20 mg/kg/day. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and computed tomography assessed lung tissue histopathologically and radiologically. Gallic acid significantly decreased malondialdehyde, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, CRP levels, oxidative stress, and inflammation indicators. Lactic acid levels decreased, suggesting improved tissue oxygenation. Histopathological examinations revealed reduced lung damage in the gallic-acid-treated group. Computed tomography confirmed lower lung density, indicating less severe inflammation. Arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated improved oxygenation in gallic-acid-treated rats. Gallic acid exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, reducing markers of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. The findings support its potential to protect against ALI during sepsis. Comparable studies underline gallic acid’s anti-inflammatory properties in different tissues. Early administration of gallic acid in sepsis models demonstrated protective effects against ALI, emphasizing its potential as an adjunct therapy to mitigate adverse outcomes. The study proposes gallic acid to reduce mortality rates and decrease the need for mechanical ventilation during sepsis-induced ALI.
Phenolic Hydrazones are Potent Inhibitors of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Proinflammatory Activity and Survival Improving Agents in Sepsis, Darren R. Dabideen et al, Journal of Medical Chemistry, March 27, 2007.
A series of phenolic hydrazones were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) tautomerase activity. Compound 7 emerged as a potent inhibitor of MIF with an IC50 of 130 nM. Compound 7 dose-dependently suppressed TNFα secretion from lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages. The therapeutic importance of the MIF inhibition by 7 is demonstrated by the significant protection from the lethality of sepsis when administration of the compound was initiated in a clinically relevant time frame.
Hey Wayne, Huge topics to deconstruct.
Phenols are a Superfamily of chemicals and Polyphenols do indeed exist under that umbrella but it is apples and orangutans.
Conversely, there is a very strange relationship with the existence of the Benzene STRUCTURE that is present as 6 carbon atom constructs inside of DNA but they are NOT benzene. This is why Benzene is so highly toxic and genetically damaging because it can slip into where it doesn't belong thus throwing a molecular spanner in the works.
I cover the intricate names/relationships of misunderstood biochemicals in my book Prion Agenda including the most misused non-understood word of: Fiber.
Thanks Pat. I am aware of Phenols vs. Polyphenols. But I just used the nomenclature used by Dr. Bouchard. But Bouchard's concept of Sepsis was self poisoning but did consider bacteria could morph into a poison as I understand it which would comport with your understanding of bacteria as a virus. To me poison acts fast, toxins' mechanism of action is much slower. Trying to translate a 130 year old nomenclature and disease paradigm into modern chemistry is like a square peg in round hole. But it beats the drug industry cartoons about virus.
What is the difference between phenol and benzene?
Benzene is a volatile liquid under normal conditions, with a normal boiling point of 80.1 ∘C . Phenol is a low melting solid, with a normal boiling point of 181.7 ∘C .
Phenols were once known as Carbolic acid. Drugs containing phenol are Chloraseptic, Cepastat, Blistex, Campho-Phenique
Phenols found in food are secondary metabolites of vegetables and are mainly used as antiseptics. Coffee has the highest concentration of phenol. Apples and pomegranates have high phenol.
The term Benzene is typically used for liquid phenol at very high concentrations. At high concentrations, phenol can break through cellular membranes leading to cell death.
Gallic Acid Protects from Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury,
Suleyman Kardas, Dept. Emergency Medicine,Kiziltepe State Hospital, Mardin, Turkey
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(1), 1-10; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46010001
Submission received: 20 November 2023
Abstract
Sepsis, a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, involves multiple organ dysfunction syndromes driven by free radical-mediated processes. Uncontrolled inflammation in early sepsis stages can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). Activated leukocytes generate reactive oxygen species, contributing to sepsis development. Gallic acid, a phenolic compound, is known for its antimicrobial properties. This study aims to observe gallic acid’s protective and restorative effect on the lungs in an experimental sepsis model. Male Wistar albino rats were subjected to a feces intraperitoneal injection procedure (FIP) to induce sepsis. Four groups were formed: normal control, FIP alone, FIP with saline, and FIP with gallic acid. Gallic acid was administered intraperitoneally at 20 mg/kg/day. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and computed tomography assessed lung tissue histopathologically and radiologically. Gallic acid significantly decreased malondialdehyde, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, CRP levels, oxidative stress, and inflammation indicators. Lactic acid levels decreased, suggesting improved tissue oxygenation. Histopathological examinations revealed reduced lung damage in the gallic-acid-treated group. Computed tomography confirmed lower lung density, indicating less severe inflammation. Arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated improved oxygenation in gallic-acid-treated rats. Gallic acid exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, reducing markers of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. The findings support its potential to protect against ALI during sepsis. Comparable studies underline gallic acid’s anti-inflammatory properties in different tissues. Early administration of gallic acid in sepsis models demonstrated protective effects against ALI, emphasizing its potential as an adjunct therapy to mitigate adverse outcomes. The study proposes gallic acid to reduce mortality rates and decrease the need for mechanical ventilation during sepsis-induced ALI.
Phenolic Hydrazones are Potent Inhibitors of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Proinflammatory Activity and Survival Improving Agents in Sepsis, Darren R. Dabideen et al, Journal of Medical Chemistry, March 27, 2007.
LINK - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm061477%2B
A series of phenolic hydrazones were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) tautomerase activity. Compound 7 emerged as a potent inhibitor of MIF with an IC50 of 130 nM. Compound 7 dose-dependently suppressed TNFα secretion from lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages. The therapeutic importance of the MIF inhibition by 7 is demonstrated by the significant protection from the lethality of sepsis when administration of the compound was initiated in a clinically relevant time frame.